VSI

Đầu tư và Xây dựng Cấp thoát nước ·HOSE ·2026Q1

● Maintaining

Capital efficiency needs cycle context ROE 15.94%
Price
21,600
Latest close
03 Jun 2026
P/E 7.31x
P/B 1.32x
EPS 2,954
BVPS 16,336
ROE 18.7%
ROA 7.7%
Profit Margin 6.6%
Asset Turnover 1.18x
Equity Mult. 2.43x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, VSI posted slightly higher revenue but margins narrowed — the two forces offset each other, leaving the overall picture largely unchanged — the growth momentum has held across consecutive periods. What remains unclear is which side will dominate in coming periods.

TTM REVENUE
VND 595bn
+111.0%YoY
NET MARGIN
6.58%
−3.1ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 39bn
+43.0%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 110.2 196.2 130.1 158.3 88.2 106.1 47.5 40.2 58.9 167.1 148.9 99.7
Growth -44% +51% -18% +79% -17% +124% +18% -32% -65% +12% +49%
Net Income 9.8 13.7 8.5 7.2 6.5 9.5 7.0 4.4 3.3 3.9 7.9 9.0
Net Margin 8.90% 6.96% 6.54% 4.52% 7.35% 8.97% 14.66% 10.99% 5.60% 2.36% 5.28% 9.02%

Drivers of VSI's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 12.9bn
Tax ↑ 2.2bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 2.6bn
Finance costs ↓ 0.5bn
Administrative expenses ↓ 0.4bn
Tax ↑ 0.8bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 13.7% = 9.7% × 0.56 × 2.51
2026Q1 18.8% = 6.6% × 1.18 × 2.43

ROE rose from 13.7% to 18.8% — mainly driven by asset turnover, despite net margin and leverage moving in the opposite direction.

Net margin: 6.6% -3.1pp Asset turnover: 1.18x +0.61x Leverage: 2.43x -0.08x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin fell to 6.58%, losing 3.1pp. The main pressure is Gross margin fell 11.2pp, outweighing the improvement in SG&A / Revenue fell 6.0pp (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 1.5pp).

The pressure comes from core operations — this is a concerning type of decline, not a one-off movement.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 6.58% −3.1pp
Gross Margin 14.25% −11.2pp
SG&A / Revenue 5.22% −6.0pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency for construction contractors should be read alongside project progress and receivables collection from developers — ROIC of 15.9% fluctuates with handover cycles.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC expanded to 15.94%, rising 4.9pp. That translates to 15.94 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. capital turnover rose 1.27x was enough to offset the contraction in NOPAT margin narrowed 3.1pp, with invested capital holding roughly steady.

For construction contractors, ROIC moves with backlog and project acceptance timing — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside working-capital cycles.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 15.94% +4.9pp
NOPAT Margin 6.62% −3.1pp
Capital Turnover 2.41x +1.27x
Average Invested Capital 246.9bn −1.6bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC for construction contractors swings with project progress and handover cycles — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is relatively light for construction contractors — liabilities at 1.66x equity, net debt at 0.00x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.0bn of cash.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Inventories were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Payables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 23.8 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 27.7 days, DSO fell 50.2 days, and DPO fell 54.1 days.

Extended payment timing is the main driver — consider whether this trades off supplier relationships.

For construction contractors, DSO/DIO/DPO/CCC can be distorted by project progress, work-in-progress receivables, and milestone acceptance timing — these metrics should be read alongside developer payment cycles.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 51.4 days −50.2 days
Inventory 32.1 days −27.7 days
Payables 40.8 days −54.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 42.6 days −23.8 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.00x and interest coverage at 5.96x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 8.2% of total debt, cash equals 98.6% of debt, and total debt stands at 77.2bn.

Leverage for construction contractors fluctuates with project working capital, performance guarantees, and progress receivables — should be read alongside receivables quality and developer payment cycles.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.00x −0.37x
Interest Coverage 5.96x +2.27x
Cash / Debt 98.6% +67.6pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 8.2% −11.1pp
CFO / NI 3.27x +4.77x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 69.5bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -2.6bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +67.0bn. Financing cash flow was negative +38.8bn.

CFO / net income was 3.27x.

After spending +4.2bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +123.4bn.

For construction contractors, FCF swings sharply with project progress and payment cycles — should be read alongside backlog and receivables quality.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 127.6bn +167.8bn
Cash Capex 4.2bn +1.4bn
FCF TTM +123.4bn +166.4bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is balanced but not yet fully stable — some components are moving the right way while others still need monitoring. This is a state to keep watching, with not enough signal to tilt the thesis either way. The brighter spot is earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at 3.27x. The next item to monitor is capital efficiency, with ROIC at 15.9%. The main risk still sits in core profitability, with net margin down 3.1 pp.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 3.27x.

Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.

Key risk: profitability remains under pressure, with trailing-12M net margin at 6.58% after a 3.1pp decline versus the same period last year.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
572.8 251.7 465.0 336.7 256.6
Cost of Goods Sold
489.8 182.4 393.3 266.7 0.0
Gross Profit
83.0 69.3 71.7 70.1 57.5
Financial Expenses
8.7 10.0 18.0 20.1 -15.9
Selling Expenses
0.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 -1.1
General and Administrative Expenses
30.8 31.6 22.9 22.9 -23.0
Operating Profit
45.9 29.7 34.8 30.9 37.0
Profit Before Tax
45.3 29.8 34.1 30.7 37.6
Net Income
36.7 24.1 25.7 24.2 30.7
Profit Attributable to Parent
36.6 23.7 26.3 24.4 30.8
Earnings per Share
2,463.00 1,794.00 1,990.00 1,846.00 2,332.00

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