HNM
Sữa Hà Nội ·UPCOM ·2026Q1
▼▼ Declining sharply
TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity
What Is Changing
On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, HNM posted a very sharp profit drop versus the same period, showing that pressure has clearly fed through to the bottom line — margins have been compressing consistently over multiple periods. The key watch now is how long the business needs to stabilize its profit base.
| Metric | Q1'26 | Q4'25 | Q3'25 | Q2'25 | Q1'25 | Q4'24 | Q3'24 | Q2'24 | Q1'24 | Q4'23 | Q3'23 | Q2'23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 189.6 | 206.6 | 152.9 | 182.4 | 192.2 | 187.6 | 216.1 | 179.1 | 131.6 | 206.5 | 183.7 | 168.6 |
| Growth | -8% | +35% | -16% | -5% | +2% | -13% | +21% | +36% | -36% | +12% | +9% | — |
| Net Income | 3.7 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 8.1 | 6.0 | 8.1 | 9.5 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 13.5 | 14.8 |
| Net Margin | 1.97% | 1.37% | 1.05% | 2.74% | 4.20% | 3.19% | 3.73% | 5.29% | 4.60% | 1.59% | 7.38% | 8.78% |
Drivers of HNM's profit
Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to higher selling expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to higher selling expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Financial Highlights
Detailed analysis of each financial dimension
ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
ROE fell from 6.7% to 2.7% — asset turnover weakened the most, though leverage still provided support.
Is the profit sustainable?
Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.
What is driving the margin?
Net margin fell to 1.80%, losing 2.3pp. The main pressure is SG&A / Revenue rose 3.1pp, outweighing the improvement in Gross margin rose 2.8pp (with lingering pressure from Net financial result / Revenue fell 1.8pp and Other profit / Revenue fell 0.8pp).
The pressure comes from non-core items while core operations hold their rhythm — margin has a basis to recover once this factor passes.
Profitability trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is capital being used efficiently?
Capital efficiency is declining — check whether the drag is from margins or turnover.
Is capital being deployed efficiently?
ROIC fell to 2.28%, losing 3.0pp. That translates to 2.28 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Both NOPAT margin narrowed 1.6pp and capital turnover fell 0.29x, while invested capital rose by 83bn — pressure came from both operational efficiency and asset efficiency.
Pressure came from the margin side — core operations are weakening, not just a temporary asset-management issue.
Watchpoints
ROIC is currently 2.28% — below the typical cost-of-capital threshold; worth tracking whether upcoming periods can rise above this level.
CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Balance Sheet
ROIC declined — the balance sheet shows how capital is being deployed. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.86x equity, net debt at 0.44x equity.
Inventory ended the period at 294.7bn, roughly 33.6% of total assets.
Over the last 12 months, working capital absorbed 9.6bn of cash, mainly because of higher receivables. Part of that drag was offset by lower inventories and higher payables.
Working Capital Drivers
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Working Capital Efficiency
The inventory build-up noted above is reflected in a longer cash cycle. Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 8.7 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 19.0 days, DSO rose 6.1 days, and DPO rose 16.5 days.
Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to slower inventory turnover — more capital is being tied up in inventory.
Watchpoints
CCC stands at 156.8 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.
DSO increased by +6.1 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.
Working Capital Efficiency
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is financial risk significant?
Leverage is safe but FCF is negative at 131.2bn due to capex of 157.5bn — an investment choice, not an urgent risk.
Leverage & Liquidity
Leverage warrants monitoring, with net debt / equity at 0.44x and interest coverage only at 1.18x.
At present, short-term debt accounts for 48.8% of total debt, cash equals 15.3% of debt, and total debt stands at 246.6bn.
Watchpoints
Interest coverage is 1.18x, leaving limited room to absorb financing costs.
Cash / debt stands at 15.3%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.
Leverage and liquidity trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Cash Flow
With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 29.5bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -130.2bn.
Post-investment cash flow was negative +100.7bn. Financing cash flow was positive +194.0bn.
CFO / net income was 2.00x.
After spending +157.5bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of −131.2bn.
Cash Conversion
TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Investment Takeaway
The business is showing a few weaker signals, but the current magnitude is not yet clear enough to conclude that this is a broader weakening phase. The brighter spot is earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at 2.00x. The main risk still sits in core profitability, with net margin down 2.3 pp.
Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 2.00x.
Key risk: profitability remains under pressure, with trailing-12M net margin at 1.80% after a 2.3pp decline versus the same period last year.
Statement Data
| Item | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Net Revenue
|
734.1 | 714.4 | 698.8 | 484.2 | 271.2 |
|
Cost of Goods Sold
|
611.4 | 601.9 | 579.2 | 377.9 | 0.0 |
|
Gross Profit
|
122.7 | 112.5 | 119.6 | 106.3 | 76.0 |
|
Financial Expenses
|
10.4 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 13.6 | -11.1 |
|
Selling Expenses
|
78.6 | 68.9 | 62.6 | 48.1 | -32.0 |
|
General and Administrative Expenses
|
17.7 | 8.6 | 12.7 | 1.5 | -12.2 |
|
Operating Profit
|
17.9 | 32.1 | 40.2 | 45.4 | 20.9 |
|
Profit Before Tax
|
21.9 | 37.5 | 44.1 | 38.3 | 14.9 |
|
Net Income
|
17.5 | 29.6 | 33.6 | 38.3 | 14.9 |
|
Profit Attributable to Parent
|
17.5 | 29.6 | 33.6 | 38.3 | 14.9 |
|
Earnings per Share
|
393.00 | 666.00 | 1,052.00 | 191,443.00 | 403.00 |
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