VLW
Cấp nước Vĩnh Long ·UPCOM ·2026Q1
▼ Under pressure
TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity
What Is Changing
On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, VLW is holding revenue at an acceptable level, but margins are eroding visibly — margins have been compressing consistently over multiple periods. What is still missing is better cost control to prevent margin pressure from spreading to the overall profit result.
| Metric | Q1'26 | Q4'25 | Q3'25 | Q2'25 | Q1'25 | Q4'24 | Q3'24 | Q2'24 | Q1'24 | Q4'23 | Q3'23 | Q2'23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 58.4 | 54.5 | 48.1 | 52.7 | 43.8 | 54.9 | 47.4 | 49.5 | 43.4 | 53.0 | 48.7 | 46.1 |
| Growth | +7% | +13% | -9% | +20% | -20% | +16% | -4% | +14% | -18% | +9% | +5% | — |
| Net Income | 18.5 | 29.9 | 11.4 | 15.3 | 12.2 | 28.1 | 14.5 | 18.0 | 12.5 | 37.7 | 15.0 | 18.3 |
| Net Margin | 31.62% | 54.88% | 23.78% | 29.03% | 27.76% | 51.23% | 30.69% | 36.29% | 28.69% | 71.17% | 30.91% | 39.59% |
Drivers of VLW's profit
Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Financial Highlights
Detailed analysis of each financial dimension
ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
ROE is broadly flat at 15.0% — the components are offsetting one another.
Is the profit sustainable?
Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.
What is driving the margin?
Net margin fell to 35.16%, losing 2.1pp. The main pressure is SG&A / Revenue rose 2.6pp, outweighing the improvement in Gross margin rose 1.4pp (in addition, Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.3pp added support while Other profit / Revenue fell 2.3pp remained a drag).
The pressure comes from non-core items while core operations hold their rhythm — margin has a basis to recover once this factor passes.
Profitability trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is capital being used efficiently?
Capital efficiency for utilities should be read alongside regulated tariffs and long-cycle depreciation — ROIC of 13.6% reflects a large fixed-asset base.
Is capital being deployed efficiently?
ROIC stands at 13.62%, broadly flat versus the same period. That translates to 13.62 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. NOPAT margin narrowed 0.2pp, but capital turnover broadly stable, with invested capital holding roughly steady — the two factors are offsetting each other, keeping overall ROIC nearly unchanged.
For utilities, ROIC reflects returns on a large fixed-asset base — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside regulated tariffs.
CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Balance Sheet
ROIC for utilities reflects a large fixed-asset base and regulated tariffs — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.27x equity, net debt at 0.07x equity.
Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.0bn of cash.
Working Capital Drivers
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Working Capital Efficiency
Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 21.6 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 20.0 days, DSO rose 1.2 days, and DPO rose 2.8 days.
Improvement comes mainly from faster inventory turnover — watch whether this trend persists in coming periods.
For utilities, working capital cycle reflects regulated pricing mechanics and long-term settlement contracts — DSO/DIO/DPO should be treated as contextual signals rather than pure efficiency indicators.
Watchpoints
DSO increased by +1.2 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.
Working Capital Efficiency
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is financial risk significant?
Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.
Leverage & Liquidity
Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.07x and interest coverage at 36.30x.
At present, short-term debt accounts for 15.1% of total debt, cash equals 24.9% of debt, and total debt stands at 50.7bn.
Leverage for utilities reflects long-term capital needs for fixed assets and recovery through regulated pricing — elevated leverage is structural to the industry.
Watchpoints
Cash / debt stands at 24.9%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.
Leverage and liquidity trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Cash Flow
With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 60.2bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -19.4bn.
Post-investment cash flow was positive +40.8bn. Financing cash flow was negative +45.4bn.
CFO / net income was 0.92x.
After spending +23.5bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +45.9bn.
For utilities, high capex and long investment cycles are structural — short-term FCF volatility does not reflect long-term cash generation through regulated pricing.
Cash Conversion
TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Investment Takeaway
The business is showing a few weaker signals, but the current magnitude is not yet clear enough to conclude that this is a broader weakening phase. The next item to monitor is the earnings mix, when non-core contribution is 19.0%. The main risk still sits in core profitability, with net margin down 2.1 pp.
Watchpoint: the earnings mix still needs monitoring, with net financial result still accounting for 19.0% of PBT and CFO / net income currently at 0.92x.
Key risk: profitability remains under pressure, with trailing-12M net margin at 35.16% after a 2.1pp decline versus the same period last year.
Statement Data
| Item | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Net Revenue
|
199.1 | 195.2 | 187.0 | 184.9 | 175.5 |
|
Cost of Goods Sold
|
68.7 | 70.2 | 66.0 | 63.1 | 0.0 |
|
Gross Profit
|
130.5 | 125.0 | 121.0 | 121.8 | 114.1 |
|
Financial Expenses
|
1.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.1 |
|
Selling Expenses
|
33.1 | 34.0 | 30.9 | 29.8 | -31.3 |
|
General and Administrative Expenses
|
33.3 | 24.9 | 27.9 | 26.1 | -24.1 |
|
Operating Profit
|
82.0 | 82.2 | 81.7 | 80.8 | 70.5 |
|
Profit Before Tax
|
84.8 | 89.1 | 87.8 | 84.8 | 74.7 |
|
Net Income
|
69.0 | 73.1 | 80.9 | 79.0 | 69.1 |
|
Profit Attributable to Parent
|
69.0 | 73.1 | 80.9 | 79.0 | 69.1 |
|
Earnings per Share
|
2,031.00 | 2,192.00 | 2,462.00 | 2,390.00 | 2,038.00 |
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