THN

Cấp nước Thanh Hóa ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▼ Slightly negative

Leverage and liquidity require close discipline Debt/equity 8.55x
Price
Latest close
P/E
P/B
EPS 1,934
BVPS 13,588
ROE 14.4%
ROA 8.9%
Profit Margin 13.2%
Asset Turnover 0.68x
Equity Mult. 1.61x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, THN is maintaining revenue, but margins are compressing slightly — profit is at an all-time high. What remains unclear is whether this is a short-term fluctuation or costs are starting to outpace revenue.

TTM REVENUE
VND 484bn
+5.2%YoY
NET MARGIN
13.20%
−0.8ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 64bn
−0.8%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 114.9 117.9 129.6 121.3 106.2 112.0 122.4 119.0 102.7 107.3 119.0 108.6
Growth -3% -9% +7% +14% -5% -9% +3% +16% -4% -10% +10%
Net Income 11.0 17.6 17.6 17.6 10.2 23.5 15.1 15.5 8.4 11.4 14.2 14.3
Net Margin 9.58% 14.95% 13.57% 14.51% 9.62% 20.99% 12.37% 13.03% 8.15% 10.60% 11.97% 13.18%

Drivers of THN's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to higher selling expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 12.1bn
Finance costs ↓ 1.6bn
Financial income ↑ 0.2bn
Selling expenses ↑ 6.1bn
Other profit ↓ 5.1bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 2.1bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 3.0bn
Administrative expenses ↓ 1.8bn
Finance costs ↓ 0.3bn
Other profit ↓ 2.7bn
Selling expenses ↑ 1.3bn
Financial income ↓ 0.2bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 15.1% = 14.0% × 0.67 × 1.62
2026Q1 14.4% = 13.2% × 0.68 × 1.61

ROE fell from 15.1% to 14.4% — net margin weakened the most, though asset turnover still provided support.

Net margin: 13.2% -0.8pp Asset turnover: 0.68x +0.01x Leverage: 1.61x -0.00x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin narrowed to 13.20%, falling 0.8pp. The main pressure is SG&A / Revenue rose 1.0pp, outweighing the improvement in Gross margin rose 1.0pp (in addition, Net financial result / Revenue rose 0.5pp added support while Other profit / Revenue fell 1.1pp remained a drag).

The pressure comes from non-core items while core operations hold their rhythm — margin has a basis to recover once this factor passes.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 13.20% −0.8pp
Gross Margin 31.66% +1.0pp
SG&A / Revenue 16.09% +1.0pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency for utilities should be read alongside regulated tariffs and long-cycle depreciation — ROIC of 10.6% reflects a large fixed-asset base.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC stands at 10.56%, broadly flat versus the same period. That translates to 10.56 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. NOPAT margin rose 0.2pp, but capital turnover broadly stable, with invested capital holding roughly steady — the two factors are offsetting each other, keeping overall ROIC nearly unchanged.

For utilities, ROIC reflects returns on a large fixed-asset base — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside regulated tariffs.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 10.56% +0.0pp
NOPAT Margin 12.77% +0.2pp
Capital Turnover 0.83x −0.01x
Average Invested Capital 585.3bn +37.1bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC for utilities reflects a large fixed-asset base and regulated tariffs — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.64x equity, net debt at 0.35x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.0bn of cash.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Inventories were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Payables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 7.4 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 4.1 days, DSO fell 3.2 days, and DPO rose 0.0 days.

All 3 drivers (collection, inventory, payables) are improving — working capital turnover is strengthening across the board.

For utilities, working capital cycle reflects regulated pricing mechanics and long-term settlement contracts — DSO/DIO/DPO should be treated as contextual signals rather than pure efficiency indicators.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 18.8 days −3.2 days
Inventory 21.7 days −4.1 days
Payables 26.1 days +0.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 14.4 days −7.4 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.35x and interest coverage at 8.55x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 6.1% of total debt, cash equals 6.2% of debt, and total debt stands at 168.7bn.

Leverage for utilities reflects long-term capital needs for fixed assets and recovery through regulated pricing — elevated leverage is structural to the industry.

Watchpoints

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 6.2%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.35x +0.06x
Interest Coverage 8.55x +1.99x
Cash / Debt 6.2% −13.0pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 6.1% −20.9pp
CFO / NI 2.27x +0.69x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 110.0bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -102.7bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +7.3bn. Financing cash flow was negative +37.4bn.

CFO / net income was 2.27x.

After spending +121.0bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +24.0bn.

For utilities, high capex and long investment cycles are structural — short-term FCF volatility does not reflect long-term cash generation through regulated pricing.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 145.0bn +43.2bn
Cash Capex 121.0bn +42.3bn
FCF TTM +24.0bn +0.9bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is showing a few weaker signals, but the current magnitude is not yet clear enough to conclude that this is a broader weakening phase. The brighter spot is earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at 2.27x. The next item to monitor is capital efficiency, with ROIC at 10.6%. The main risk still sits in leverage and liquidity, with interest coverage at 8.55x.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 2.27x.

Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.

Key risk: leverage and liquidity remain a pressure point, with net debt / equity at 0.35x and a thin cash buffer.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
475.0 456.1 428.5 410.3 389.0
Cost of Goods Sold
320.3 313.6 285.9 274.9 0.0
Gross Profit
154.7 142.5 142.6 135.4 124.9
Financial Expenses
8.3 9.8 13.5 16.5 -14.9
Selling Expenses
44.5 39.1 40.7 36.2 -31.5
General and Administrative Expenses
33.8 27.1 31.1 38.7 -34.6
Operating Profit
69.7 67.8 60.4 46.1 47.7
Profit Before Tax
70.1 69.5 60.6 53.5 51.1
Net Income
62.9 62.1 47.6 42.7 40.7
Profit Attributable to Parent
62.9 62.1 47.6 42.7 40.7
Earnings per Share
1,621.00 1,601.00 1,225.00 1,101.00 524.00

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