SP2

Thủy điện Sử Pán 2 ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▲▲ Improving positively

Operating efficiency is improving Net margin 35.71%, +5.20pp YoY
Price
21,000
Latest close
28 May 2026
P/E 6.88x
P/B 2.54x
EPS 3,053
BVPS 8,284
ROE 44.9%
ROA 11.5%
Profit Margin 35.7%
Asset Turnover 0.32x
Equity Mult. 3.92x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, SP2 has not accelerated revenue sharply, but profitability is improving visibly — profit is at an all-time high. Profit growth is driven mainly by better operations rather than scale expansion — a foundation that tends to be more durable.

TTM REVENUE
VND 176bn
+1.8%YoY
NET MARGIN
35.71%
+5.2ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 63bn
+19.2%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 16.5 37.5 70.7 51.6 14.6 32.6 79.6 46.3 19.9 29.7 66.3 38.2
Growth -56% -47% +37% +253% -55% -59% +72% +133% -33% -55% +73%
Net Income -6.2 9.6 38.0 21.6 -9.7 3.9 43.7 15.0 -8.6 2.0 30.6 6.8
Net Margin -37.27% 25.57% 53.69% 41.84% -66.43% 11.82% 54.83% 32.43% -43.25% 6.62% 46.13% 17.72%

Drivers of SP2's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by lower finance costs. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Finance costs ↓ 7.1bn
Gross profit ↑ 2.3bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 1.8bn
Finance costs ↓ 1.3bn
Financial income ↑ 0.7bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 64.0% = 30.5% × 0.29 × 7.26
2026Q1 44.9% = 35.7% × 0.32 × 3.92

ROE fell from 64.0% to 44.9% — leverage weakened the most, though net margin and asset turnover still provided support.

Net margin: 35.7% +5.2pp Asset turnover: 0.32x +0.03x Leverage: 3.92x -3.35x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins are improving and earnings quality is solid — a durable foundation for ROE.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin expanded to 35.71%, rising 5.2pp. The main driver is Gross margin rose 0.4pp and SG&A / Revenue fell 0.3pp, moving in line with the stronger net margin (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 4.7pp).

Most of the margin increase comes from non-core items — core operations have not kept pace, this is a margin expansion to watch carefully.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 35.71% +5.2pp
Gross Margin 47.53% +0.4pp
SG&A / Revenue 2.94% −0.3pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency for utilities should be read alongside regulated tariffs and long-cycle depreciation — ROIC reflects a large fixed-asset base.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

Track how much operating profit the business generates on invested capital.

For utilities, ROIC reflects returns on a large fixed-asset base — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside regulated tariffs.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC
NOPAT Margin
Capital Turnover 0.68x +0.01x
Average Invested Capital 259.7bn +1.8bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC for utilities reflects a large fixed-asset base and regulated tariffs — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is balanced — liabilities at 2.13x equity, net debt at 0.66x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.0bn of cash.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Inventories were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Payables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:

Working Capital Efficiency

Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 1.7 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 0.1 days, DSO fell 3.7 days, and DPO fell 5.5 days.

Working capital cycle is flat — components are offsetting each other.

For utilities, working capital cycle reflects regulated pricing mechanics and long-term settlement contracts — DSO/DIO/DPO should be treated as contextual signals rather than pure efficiency indicators.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle is lengthening

CCC is up by +1.7 days, indicating weaker working-capital turnover versus the prior year.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 29.6 days −3.7 days
Inventory 0.4 days −0.1 days
Payables 11.1 days −5.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 18.9 days +1.7 days

Is financial risk significant?

Check leverage, liquidity, and cash-flow conversion.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage is balanced for now, with net debt / equity at 0.66x and interest coverage at 4.75x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 47.6% of total debt, cash equals 14.4% of debt, and total debt stands at 132.7bn.

Leverage for utilities reflects long-term capital needs for fixed assets and recovery through regulated pricing — elevated leverage is structural to the industry.

Watchpoints

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 14.4%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.66x −0.49x
Interest Coverage 4.75x +2.09x
Cash / Debt 14.4% −17.8pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 47.6% −52.4pp
CFO / NI 1.04x −0.29x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 56.9bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -28.4bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +28.5bn. Financing cash flow was negative +63.2bn.

CFO / net income was 1.04x.

Track how much investment can be funded internally from operating cash flow.

For utilities, high capex and long investment cycles are structural — short-term FCF volatility does not reflect long-term cash generation through regulated pricing.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 65.2bn −4.9bn
Cash Capex
FCF TTM

Investment Takeaway

The business is showing brightening signals, but the improvement is still early and not yet thick enough to read as a confirmed trend. The brighter spot is operating efficiency, with net margin improving 5.2 pp. The next item to monitor is capital efficiency.

Improvement: operating efficiency is getting better, with trailing-12M net margin at 35.71% after expanding 5.2pp versus the same period last year.

Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
174.4 178.4 151.1 196.0 181.6
Cost of Goods Sold
92.5 93.1 90.3 95.4 0.0
Gross Profit
81.9 85.4 60.8 100.6 90.4
Financial Expenses
15.4 24.7 34.1 34.6 -36.7
Selling Expenses
0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.6
General and Administrative Expenses
5.2 5.9 5.5 6.9 -3.8
Operating Profit
62.9 57.0 26.4 60.4 47.6
Profit Before Tax
62.8 57.3 26.2 60.0 40.0
Net Income
59.4 54.0 24.0 55.8 36.8
Profit Attributable to Parent
59.4 54.0 24.0 55.8 36.8
Earnings per Share
2,879.00 2,601.00 1,162.00 3,502.00 689.00

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