BSA

Thủy điện Buôn Đôn ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▲▲ Improving positively

Operating efficiency is improving Net margin 46.37%, +21.16pp YoY
Price
19,900
Latest close
03 Jun 2026
P/E 7.86x
P/B 1.35x
EPS 2,532
BVPS 14,698
ROE 17.8%
ROA 14.9%
Profit Margin 46.4%
Asset Turnover 0.32x
Equity Mult. 1.20x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, BSA has not accelerated revenue sharply, but profitability is improving visibly — profit is at an all-time high. Profit growth is driven mainly by better operations rather than scale expansion — a foundation that tends to be more durable.

TTM REVENUE
VND 365bn
+16.9%YoY
NET MARGIN
46.36%
+21.2ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 169bn
+115.0%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 47.7 140.0 113.3 64.0 49.9 104.3 117.2 40.8 33.8 109.8 128.4 48.9
Growth -66% +24% +77% +28% -52% -11% +187% +21% -69% -14% +162%
Net Income 15.7 70.0 40.9 42.7 8.9 34.6 32.5 2.8 0.4 -3.8 40.9 4.4
Net Margin 32.99% 49.96% 36.07% 66.68% 17.80% 33.13% 27.70% 6.87% 1.31% -3.43% 31.83% 8.97%

Drivers of BSA's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 47.8bn
Financial income ↑ 37.2bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by higher financial income. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Financial income ↑ 9.1bn
Finance costs ↓ 2.1bn
Administrative expenses ↓ 1.0bn
Gross profit ↓ 4.9bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 8.6% = 25.2% × 0.26 × 1.33
2026Q1 17.8% = 46.4% × 0.32 × 1.20

ROE rose from 8.6% to 17.8% — mainly driven by net margin, despite leverage moving in the opposite direction.

Net margin: 46.4% +21.2pp Asset turnover: 0.32x +0.06x Leverage: 1.20x -0.13x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins are improving and earnings quality is solid — a durable foundation for ROE.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin expanded to 46.37%, rising 21.2pp. The main driver is Gross margin rose 7.6pp and SG&A / Revenue fell 0.9pp, moving in line with the stronger net margin (with additional support from Net financial result / Revenue rose 13.3pp).

Margin improves from both core operations and non-core items — the core foundation is positive, but the sustainability of non-core contributions needs monitoring.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 46.37% +21.2pp
Gross Margin 45.68% +7.6pp
SG&A / Revenue 3.70% −0.9pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency for utilities should be read alongside regulated tariffs and long-cycle depreciation — ROIC of 15.2% reflects a large fixed-asset base.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC expanded to 15.17%, rising 8.5pp. That translates to 15.17 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Both NOPAT margin rose 21.0pp and capital turnover rose 0.06x, with invested capital easing slightly by 74bn — capital-return quality improved from both sides.

For utilities, ROIC reflects returns on a large fixed-asset base — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside regulated tariffs.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 15.17% +8.5pp
NOPAT Margin 46.27% +21.0pp
Capital Turnover 0.33x +0.06x
Average Invested Capital 1,113.2bn −74.1bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC for utilities reflects a large fixed-asset base and regulated tariffs — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.29x equity, net debt at 0.12x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital absorbed 27.4bn of cash, mainly because of higher receivables and higher inventories. Part of that drag was offset by higher payables.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables increased → lower CFO: −34.4bn
Inventories increased → lower CFO: −1.6bn
Payables increased → higher CFO: +8.6bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 8.4 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 7.8 days, DSO rose 17.0 days, and DPO rose 0.8 days.

Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to slower receivables collection — receivables quality needs monitoring.

For utilities, working capital cycle reflects regulated pricing mechanics and long-term settlement contracts — DSO/DIO/DPO should be treated as contextual signals rather than pure efficiency indicators.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle remains stretched

CCC stands at 226.5 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.

Receivables collection is slowing

DSO increased by +17.0 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 228.6 days +17.0 days
Inventory 3.8 days −7.8 days
Payables 6.0 days +0.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 226.5 days +8.4 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — leverage is safe, both CFO and FCF are positive.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.12x and interest coverage at 13.49x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 82.6% of total debt, cash equals 0.7% of debt, and total debt stands at 119.0bn.

Leverage for utilities reflects long-term capital needs for fixed assets and recovery through regulated pricing — elevated leverage is structural to the industry.

Watchpoints

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 82.6% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 0.7%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.12x −0.11x
Interest Coverage 13.49x +9.52x
Cash / Debt 0.7% −1.2pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 82.6% −12.7pp
CFO / NI 1.64x −0.00x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 169.8bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -11.1bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +158.7bn. Financing cash flow was negative +196.2bn.

CFO / net income was 1.64x.

After spending +11.3bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of +266.5bn.

For utilities, high capex and long investment cycles are structural — short-term FCF volatility does not reflect long-term cash generation through regulated pricing.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 277.8bn +148.3bn
Cash Capex 11.3bn +8.6bn
FCF TTM +266.5bn +139.7bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is showing brightening signals, but the improvement is still early and not yet thick enough to read as a confirmed trend. The brighter spot is operating efficiency, with net margin improving 21.2 pp. The next item to monitor is capital efficiency, with ROIC at 15.2%. The main risk still sits in leverage and liquidity, with interest coverage at 13.49x.

Improvement: operating efficiency is getting better, with trailing-12M net margin at 46.37% after expanding 21.2pp versus the same period last year.

Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.

Key risk: leverage and liquidity remain a pressure point, with net debt / equity at 0.12x and a thin cash buffer.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
367.2 296.1 344.2 397.9 328.4
Cost of Goods Sold
195.6 183.4 191.3 193.0 0.0
Gross Profit
171.6 112.7 152.9 204.9 142.0
Financial Expenses
15.3 28.3 38.5 28.8 -26.5
Selling Expenses
0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0
General and Administrative Expenses
14.5 13.7 15.5 17.1 -15.4
Operating Profit
170.8 75.2 102.0 161.8 101.9
Profit Before Tax
171.1 75.1 102.0 161.8 101.9
Net Income
162.4 70.3 97.0 153.7 96.7
Profit Attributable to Parent
162.4 70.3 97.0 153.7 96.7
Earnings per Share
2,384.00 1,027.00 1,420.00 2,405.00 1,599.00

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