ND2

Đầu tư và Phát triển Điện Miền Bắc 2 ·UPCOM ·2026Q1

▲▲ Improving positively

Operating efficiency is improving Net margin 52.80%, +8.51pp YoY
Price
35,900
Latest close
03 Jun 2026
P/E 8.27x
P/B 1.93x
EPS 4,340
BVPS 18,570
ROE 24.6%
ROA 15.7%
Profit Margin 52.8%
Asset Turnover 0.30x
Equity Mult. 1.57x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, ND2 has not accelerated revenue sharply, but profitability is improving visibly — earnings have been recovering gradually over multiple periods. Profit growth is driven mainly by better operations rather than scale expansion — a foundation that tends to be more durable.

TTM REVENUE
VND 411bn
+14.1%YoY
NET MARGIN
52.80%
+8.5ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 217bn
+36.0%YoY
Metric Q1'26 Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23
Revenue 41.3 104.3 153.0 112.2 39.1 82.5 151.9 86.7 43.9 70.9 145.4 71.3
Growth -60% -32% +36% +187% -53% -46% +75% +98% -38% -51% +104%
Net Income -0.4 53.4 102.4 61.6 -3.1 24.2 102.0 36.5 -0.4 16.1 89.7 18.9
Net Margin -0.97% 51.15% 66.94% 54.84% -8.01% 29.31% 67.14% 42.12% -0.97% 22.67% 61.71% 26.49%

Drivers of ND2's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Gross profit ↑ 49.6bn
Finance costs ↓ 9.1bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent increased vs prior quarter, mainly helped by lower finance costs. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Finance costs ↓ 2.1bn
Gross profit ↑ 0.6bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2025Q1 19.8% = 44.3% × 0.25 × 1.80
2026Q1 24.6% = 52.8% × 0.30 × 1.57

ROE rose from 19.8% to 24.6% — mainly driven by net margin, despite leverage moving in the opposite direction.

Net margin: 52.8% +8.5pp Asset turnover: 0.30x +0.05x Leverage: 1.57x -0.23x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins are improving and earnings quality is solid — a durable foundation for ROE.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin expanded to 52.80%, rising 8.5pp. The main driver is Gross margin rose 4.1pp and SG&A / Revenue fell 0.8pp, moving in line with the stronger net margin (in addition, Net financial result / Revenue rose 4.0pp added support while Other profit / Revenue fell 0.0pp remained a drag).

Margin improves from both core operations and non-core items — the core foundation is positive, but the sustainability of non-core contributions needs monitoring.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 52.80% +8.5pp
Gross Margin 68.85% +4.1pp
SG&A / Revenue 4.17% −0.8pp

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency for construction contractors should be read alongside project progress and receivables collection from developers — ROIC of 15.9% fluctuates with handover cycles.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC expanded to 15.89%, rising 4.8pp. That translates to 15.89 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. The main driver is NOPAT margin rose 8.5pp, with capital turnover broadly stable; with invested capital easing slightly by 66bn.

For construction contractors, ROIC moves with backlog and project acceptance timing — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside working-capital cycles.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

ROIC 15.89% +4.8pp
NOPAT Margin 52.70% +8.5pp
Capital Turnover 0.30x +0.05x
Average Invested Capital 1,362.5bn −65.9bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC for construction contractors swings with project progress and handover cycles — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is notably light for construction contractors — liabilities at 0.60x equity, net debt at 0.44x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 55.8bn of cash, mainly thanks to lower receivables and higher payables. Pressure from higher inventories only partly offset that benefit.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +7.1bn
Inventories increased → lower CFO: −1.0bn
Payables increased → higher CFO: +49.7bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 5.0 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 1.7 days, DSO fell 2.9 days, and DPO rose 0.4 days.

All 3 drivers (collection, inventory, payables) are improving — working capital turnover is strengthening across the board.

For construction contractors, DSO/DIO/DPO/CCC can be distorted by project progress, work-in-progress receivables, and milestone acceptance timing — these metrics should be read alongside developer payment cycles.

Watchpoints

Cash conversion cycle remains stretched

CCC stands at 93.1 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Receivables 23.6 days −2.9 days
Inventory 76.6 days −1.7 days
Payables 7.1 days +0.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 93.1 days −5.0 days

Is financial risk significant?

Check leverage, liquidity, and cash-flow conversion.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.44x and interest coverage at 5.92x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 0.0% of total debt, cash equals 1.4% of debt, and total debt stands at 415.7bn.

Leverage for construction contractors fluctuates with project working capital, performance guarantees, and progress receivables — should be read alongside receivables quality and developer payment cycles.

Watchpoints

Cash buffer is thin relative to debt

Cash / debt stands at 1.4%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.44x −0.22x
Interest Coverage 5.92x +2.39x
Cash / Debt 1.4% −0.8pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 0.0% −34.6pp
CFO / NI 1.62x +0.08x

TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 320.8bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of 0.7bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +321.5bn. Financing cash flow was negative +262.8bn.

CFO / net income was 1.62x.

Track how much investment can be funded internally from operating cash flow.

For construction contractors, FCF swings sharply with project progress and payment cycles — should be read alongside backlog and receivables quality.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1

CFO TTM 352.0bn +106.3bn
Cash Capex
FCF TTM

Investment Takeaway

The business is showing brightening signals, but the improvement is still early and not yet thick enough to read as a confirmed trend. The brighter spot is operating efficiency, with net margin improving 8.5 pp. The next item to monitor is capital efficiency, with ROIC at 15.9%. The main risk still sits in leverage and liquidity, with interest coverage at 5.92x.

Improvement: operating efficiency is getting better, with trailing-12M net margin at 52.80% after expanding 8.5pp versus the same period last year.

Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.

Key risk: leverage and liquidity remain a pressure point, with net debt / equity at 0.44x and a thin cash buffer.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
408.7 365.0 325.5 462.1 400.1
Cost of Goods Sold
125.7 125.4 121.8 131.9 0.0
Gross Profit
283.0 239.6 203.7 330.2 264.0
Financial Expenses
40.6 51.8 77.4 77.6 -89.8
Selling Expenses
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
General and Administrative Expenses
17.3 18.9 15.4 19.9 -16.5
Operating Profit
225.7 169.3 111.7 234.6 158.7
Profit Before Tax
226.2 170.8 111.9 234.6 158.1
Net Income
214.6 161.8 107.1 224.6 151.3
Profit Attributable to Parent
214.6 161.8 107.1 224.6 151.3
Earnings per Share
4,293.00 3,237.00 2,077.00 4,431.00 3,025.48

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