GSM
Thủy điện Hương Sơn ·UPCOM ·2026Q1
▲ Slightly positive
TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity
What Is Changing
On a TTM 2026Q1 basis, GSM is showing a few mildly positive signals versus the same period, though the magnitude is narrow — margins have been expanding consistently over multiple periods. The direction is leaning toward improvement, but the next test will be whether the magnitude widens enough to become a trend.
| Metric | Q1'26 | Q4'25 | Q3'25 | Q2'25 | Q1'25 | Q4'24 | Q3'24 | Q2'24 | Q1'24 | Q4'23 | Q3'23 | Q2'23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 51.1 | 74.4 | 52.7 | 54.4 | 48.8 | 78.1 | 37.1 | 19.0 | 22.7 | 51.1 | 25.5 | 14.7 |
| Growth | -31% | +41% | -3% | +12% | -37% | +110% | +96% | -16% | -56% | +100% | +73% | — |
| Net Income | 21.0 | 41.3 | 22.2 | 28.5 | 22.3 | 48.8 | 17.0 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 27.6 | 5.1 | -5.5 |
| Net Margin | 41.11% | 55.54% | 42.07% | 52.26% | 45.62% | 62.47% | 45.70% | 14.56% | 5.43% | 54.03% | 19.92% | -37.41% |
Drivers of GSM's profit
Net profit attributable to parent increased vs last year, mainly helped by higher gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to higher tax. Supporting and offsetting drivers:
Financial Highlights
Detailed analysis of each financial dimension
ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier
ROE rose from 17.6% to 20.2% — mainly driven by asset turnover, despite net margin and leverage moving in the opposite direction.
Is the profit sustainable?
Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.
What is driving the margin?
Net margin narrowed to 48.55%, falling 1.1pp. SG&A / Revenue fell 1.1pp and Gross margin rose 0.8pp improved but not enough to offset the weakness in Net financial result / Revenue fell 1.1pp.
The pressure comes from non-core items while core operations hold their rhythm — margin has a basis to recover once this factor passes.
Profitability trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is capital being used efficiently?
Capital efficiency for utilities should be read alongside regulated tariffs and long-cycle depreciation — ROIC of 15.3% reflects a large fixed-asset base.
Is capital being deployed efficiently?
ROIC expanded to 15.26%, rising 2.6pp. That translates to 15.26 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. The main driver is capital turnover rose 0.06x — the business is generating more revenue per unit of capital, with NOPAT margin narrowed 0.9pp; with invested capital holding roughly steady.
For utilities, ROIC reflects returns on a large fixed-asset base — this is a reference signal and should be read alongside regulated tariffs.
CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Balance Sheet
ROIC for utilities reflects a large fixed-asset base and regulated tariffs — the balance sheet below adds perspective. Capital structure is conservative with low leverage — liabilities at 0.32x equity, net debt at 0.26x equity.
Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.0bn of cash.
Working Capital Drivers
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Working Capital Efficiency
Cash conversion cycle lengthened by 21.3 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO fell 0.5 days, DSO rose 4.6 days, and DPO fell 17.1 days.
Working capital cycle lengthened mainly due to shorter payment timing — may reflect pressure from suppliers.
For utilities, working capital cycle reflects regulated pricing mechanics and long-term settlement contracts — DSO/DIO/DPO should be treated as contextual signals rather than pure efficiency indicators.
Watchpoints
CCC stands at 105.1 days, suggesting that working capital remains tied up for a relatively long operating cycle.
DSO increased by +4.6 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.
Working Capital Efficiency
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Is financial risk significant?
Check leverage, liquidity, and cash-flow conversion.
Leverage & Liquidity
Leverage looks fairly comfortable, with net debt / equity at 0.26x and interest coverage at 9.35x.
At present, short-term debt accounts for 7.1% of total debt, cash equals 4.5% of debt, and total debt stands at 162.9bn.
Leverage for utilities reflects long-term capital needs for fixed assets and recovery through regulated pricing — elevated leverage is structural to the industry.
Watchpoints
Cash / debt stands at 4.5%, leaving limited liquidity buffer to monitor.
Leverage and liquidity trend
TTM YoY · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Cash Flow
With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 206.8bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -34.6bn.
Post-investment cash flow was positive +172.2bn. Financing cash flow was negative +120.7bn.
CFO / net income was 2.15x.
Track how much investment can be funded internally from operating cash flow.
For utilities, high capex and long investment cycles are structural — short-term FCF volatility does not reflect long-term cash generation through regulated pricing.
Cash Conversion
TTM Cash Conversion · 2025Q1 -> 2026Q1
Investment Takeaway
The business is showing brightening signals, but the improvement is still early and not yet thick enough to read as a confirmed trend. The brighter spot is earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at 2.15x. The next item to monitor is capital efficiency, with ROIC at 15.3%. The main risk still sits in leverage and liquidity, with interest coverage at 9.35x.
Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 2.15x.
Watchpoint: Capital efficiency needs cycle context.
Key risk: leverage and liquidity remain a pressure point, with net debt / equity at 0.26x and a thin cash buffer.
Statement Data
| Item | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Net Revenue
|
230.4 | 156.7 | 124.4 | 174.3 | 150.0 |
|
Cost of Goods Sold
|
90.4 | 71.0 | 72.5 | 80.7 | 0.0 |
|
Gross Profit
|
139.9 | 85.7 | 51.8 | 93.5 | 78.7 |
|
Financial Expenses
|
13.8 | 5.9 | 8.3 | 10.6 | -14.1 |
|
Selling Expenses
|
— | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.0 |
|
General and Administrative Expenses
|
7.7 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 9.0 | -8.7 |
|
Operating Profit
|
120.1 | 73.8 | 38.4 | 74.2 | 56.2 |
|
Profit Before Tax
|
120.3 | 73.9 | 38.2 | 69.4 | 58.0 |
|
Net Income
|
114.2 | 69.6 | 36.2 | 65.6 | 55.1 |
|
Profit Attributable to Parent
|
114.2 | 69.6 | 36.2 | 65.6 | 55.1 |
|
Earnings per Share
|
4,000.00 | 2,437.00 | 1,269.00 | 2,295.00 | 1,930.00 |
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