APP

Phát triển Phụ gia và Sản phẩm Dầu Mỏ ·UPCOM ·2022Q4

▼ Under pressure

Capital efficiency remains weak ROE 1.80%, −2.31pp YoY
Price
4,100
Latest close
02 Jun 2026
P/E 11.78x
P/B 0.39x
EPS 348
BVPS 10,566
ROE 3.2%
ROA 1.8%
Profit Margin 0.6%
Asset Turnover 2.92x
Equity Mult. 1.83x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2022Q4 basis, APP posted a sharp profit decline versus the same period — the growth momentum has held across consecutive periods. What still needs to be determined is whether this drop reflects current operating pressure or an unusually high comparison base from the prior period.

TTM REVENUE
VND 271bn
+35.8%YoY
NET MARGIN
0.61%
−1.2ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 2bn
−53.4%YoY
Metric Q4'22 Q3'22 Q2'22 Q1'22 Q4'21 Q3'21 Q2'21 Q1'21 Q4'20 Q3'20 Q2'20 Q1'20
Revenue 43.7 69.6 96.4 61.5 38.2 45.2 58.6 57.7 45.7 44.5 44.0 55.4
Growth -37% -28% +57% +61% -15% -23% +2% +26% +3% +1% -21%
Net Income -1.6 0.2 -0.1 3.0 -1.1 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.4 -0.5 -0.1
Net Margin -3.58% 0.35% -0.07% 4.92% -2.89% 3.58% 2.75% 2.46% 0.70% 1.00% -1.06% -0.15%

Drivers of APP's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to higher selling expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Selling expenses ↑ 24.0bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 19.2bn
Gross profit ↓ 5.5bn
Finance costs ↑ 4.7bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to higher selling expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Tax ↓ 0.4bn
Selling expenses ↑ 6.4bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 5.9bn
Gross profit ↓ 2.3bn
Finance costs ↑ 1.2bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2021Q4 7.1% = 1.8% × 2.07 × 1.93
2022Q4 3.2% = 0.6% × 2.92 × 1.83

ROE fell from 7.1% to 3.2% — leverage weakened the most, though asset turnover still provided support.

Net margin: 0.6% -1.2pp Asset turnover: 2.92x +0.84x Leverage: 1.83x -0.10x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins narrowed but earnings quality remains clean — pressure is mainly operational.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin narrowed to 0.61%, falling 1.2pp. The main pressure comes from SG&A / Revenue rose 19.0pp and Gross margin fell 5.9pp (with lingering pressure from Net financial result / Revenue fell 2.0pp).

The pressure comes from non-core items while core operations hold their rhythm — margin has a basis to recover once this factor passes.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 0.61% −1.2pp
Gross Margin 8.85% −5.9pp
SG&A / Revenue 7.35% +19.0pp

TTM YoY · 2021Q4 -> 2022Q4

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency is declining — check whether the drag is from margins or turnover.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC fell to 1.80%, losing 2.3pp. That translates to 1.80 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. The main pressure came from NOPAT margin narrowed 1.1pp, outweighing the movement in capital turnover; with invested capital holding roughly steady.

Pressure came from the margin side — core operations are weakening, not just a temporary asset-management issue.

Watchpoints

ROIC remains low

ROIC is currently 1.80% — below the typical cost-of-capital threshold; worth tracking whether upcoming periods can rise above this level.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2021Q4 -> 2022Q4

ROIC 1.80% −2.3pp
NOPAT Margin 0.53% −1.1pp
Capital Turnover 3.43x +0.95x
Average Invested Capital 79.1bn −1.4bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC declined — the balance sheet shows how capital is being deployed. Capital structure is balanced — liabilities at 0.38x equity, net debt at 0.58x equity.

Inventory ended the period at 13.8bn, roughly 23.1% of total assets.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.1bn of cash, mainly thanks to lower receivables and lower inventories. Pressure from lower payables only partly offset that benefit.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2021Q4 -> 2022Q4

Receivables decreased → higher CFO: +2.3bn
Inventories decreased → higher CFO: +10.7bn
Payables decreased → lower CFO: −12.9bn

Working Capital Efficiency

Track receivable, inventory, and payable turns to judge working-capital efficiency.

Track DSO, DIO, DPO components to evaluate working capital turnover efficiency.

Watchpoints

Receivables collection is slowing

DSO increased by +13.5 days, pointing to slower receivables turnover.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2021Q4 -> 2022Q4

Receivables 13.5 days +13.5 days
Inventory 22.2 days
Payables 7.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 28.3 days

Is financial risk significant?

Leverage is safe but FCF is negative at 2.3bn due to capex of 3.8bn — an investment choice, not an urgent risk.

Leverage & Liquidity

Leverage warrants monitoring, with net debt / equity at 0.58x and interest coverage only at 0.72x.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, cash equals 5.0% of debt, and total debt stands at 30.6bn.

Watchpoints

Interest coverage is thin

Interest coverage is 0.72x, leaving limited room to absorb financing costs.

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity 0.58x +0.05x
Interest Coverage 0.72x −1.08x
Cash / Debt 5.0% −5.1pp
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 100.0% 0.0pp
CFO / NI 0.90x −1.66x

TTM YoY · 2021Q4 -> 2022Q4

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 14.6bn in 2024, against investing cash flow of 4.7bn.

Post-investment cash flow was positive +19.4bn. Financing cash flow was negative +18.8bn.

CFO / net income was 0.90x.

After spending +3.8bn on fixed-asset investment, the business generated trailing free cash flow of −2.3bn.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2021Q4 -> 2022Q4

CFO TTM 1.5bn −7.6bn
Cash Capex 3.8bn +1.5bn
FCF TTM −2.3bn −9.0bn

Investment Takeaway

The business is under real pressure, but the current picture has not turned broadly adverse. A notable area has clearly weakened, making the near-term outlook hard to call bright; even so, other parts of the business are still holding up, with capital efficiency remains weak remaining the main constraint, with ROIC at 1.8%. The main offsetting support comes from earnings conversion is confirmed, with CFO/NI at 0.90x.

Improvement: earnings conversion looks more confirmed, with CFO / net income at 0.90x.

Key risk: Capital efficiency remains weak.

Statement Data

Item 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020
Net Revenue
210.5 200.8 271.3 199.7 189.5
Cost of Goods Sold
194.9 184.1 247.3 0.0 0.0
Gross Profit
15.6 16.7 24.0 29.5 23.6
Financial Expenses
2.5 2.3 2.4 -2.2 -2.9
Selling Expenses
9.3 10.1 11.8 -12.3 -10.6
General and Administrative Expenses
10.2 9.1 9.6 -11.0 -10.9
Operating Profit
-6.3 -4.5 0.4 4.0 -0.6
Profit Before Tax
-2.1 -4.5 0.6 4.3 0.2
Net Income
-2.4 -4.5 0.4 3.5 0.2
Profit Attributable to Parent
-2.4 -4.5 0.4 3.5 0.2
Earnings per Share
-511.00 -953.00 92.00 759.92 0.18

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