Credit reading still relies mainly on credit cost, and that signal has softened modestly: credit cost rose +0.1pp to 1.22%.
Reserve buffer on gross loans is around 1.01%. LDR stands at 66.8%.
Credit reading currently relies mainly on credit cost and reserve buffer; NPL, group-2, and bad-debt coverage signals will be added next.
Key signals
Credit cost
1.22%
+0.1pp
Reserve / Gross loans
1.01%
−0.0pp
LDR
66.8%
−3.1pp
2026Q1
Is interest margin sustainable?
Interest Margin Quality
▼
Is spread coming under pressure?
Spread deserves closer monitoring because funding cost is already at 4.65%, even if pressure is not yet as severe as in clearer compression cases.
In the period, NIM reached 2.51%, +0.5pp YoY; asset yield was 7.16%, +1.2pp; while funding cost was 4.65%, +0.7pp. This suggests spread is not yet showing a clearly deteriorating pattern.
Watchpoints
Funding cost is elevated
Funding cost is 4.65%, pressuring net interest margin.
Key signals
NIM
2.51%
+0.5pp
Asset yield
7.16%
+1.2pp
Funding cost
4.65%
+0.7pp
2026Q1
Earnings Mix
▼
Is profit coming from core or supporting income sources?
Earnings mix should be watched more closely, with non-core income at 43.4% of total operating income. More broadly, the quality of the revenue mix is softening as the share of net interest income falls while fee income remains insufficient or other income becomes more prominent.
Nii accounts for 50.6% of toi, fee income is 5.0% of toi, other income is 43.4% of toi, cir stands at 30.6%, net profit equals 35.7% of toi.
Watchpoints
Income mix quality deteriorating
Net interest income share is declining while fee income does not offset enough or other income rises, making the revenue mix less anchored in core income.
Non-core income is elevated
Non-core income currently accounts for 43.4% of total operating income.
Key signals
NII / TOI
50.6%
−8.9pp
Fee / TOI
5.0%
+1.9pp
Other income / TOI
43.4%
+4.8pp
CIR
30.6%
−4.4pp
2026Q1
Is liquidity safe?
Funding & Liquidity
●
Are funding and capital buffers sufficiently safe?
Funding structure is becoming less comfortable, with market sources taking on a larger role while customer funding recedes.
Ldr stands at 66.8%, equity equals 7.2% of assets, customer funding accounts for 67.5% of interest-bearing funding, market funding accounts for 32.5%.
Key signals
LDR
66.8%
−3.1pp
Equity / Assets
7.2%
−0.5pp
Customer funding
67.5%
−1.8pp
Market funding
32.5%
+1.8pp
2026Q1
Profitability Quality
●
What is sustaining current profitability?
Profitability currently looks balanced, with ROAA at 1.70% and ROAE at 22.90%.
Net income on average earning assets is 1.77%, nim stands at 2.51%, credit cost is 1.22%, cir stands at 30.6%, average leverage is around 13.45 times.
Watchpoints
Average leverage is elevated
Average leverage is currently around 13.45 times.
Key signals
ROAA
1.70%
+0.3pp
ROAE
22.90%
+4.6pp
NI / Avg EA
1.77%
+0.3pp
Quarterly provision
VND 855bn
+7.9% QoQ
2026Q1
Investment Takeaway
ABB bank investment takeaway — mixed signals. [Placeholder for EN translation.]
[Placeholder for EN evidence line 1.]
[Placeholder for EN evidence line 2.]
[Placeholder for EN conclusion.]
Statement Data
Item
2025
2024
Interest Income and Similar Income
13,604.1
9,027.7
Interest Expense and Similar Expenses
8,515.3
5,992.4
Net Interest Income
5,088.8
3,035.3
Fee and Commission Income
698.1
879.4
Fee and Commission Expenses
437.6
379.6
Net Fee and Commission Income
260.5
499.7
Net Gain/(Loss) from Foreign Currencies and Gold Trading
-1.5
245.8
Net Gain/(Loss) from Trading Securities
2.0
3.4
Net Gain/(Loss) from Investment Securities
-104.2
109.5
Other Income
3,460.5
646.8
Other Expenses
156.1
31.2
Net Other Income
3,304.4
615.6
Income from Capital Contribution and Long-term Investments
15.3
11.3
Operating Expenses
2,999.9
2,364.5
Operating Profit before Provision for Credit Losses
5,565.4
2,156.0
Provision for Credit Losses
2,024.6
1,411.8
Profit Before Tax
3,540.7
744.2
Current Corporate Income Tax Expense
766.0
169.7
Deferred Income Tax Expense
-33.9
-11.1
Corporate Income Tax
732.1
158.7
Net Profit After Tax
2,808.6
585.6
Net Profit Attributable to the Equity Holders of the Bank
2,808.6
585.6
Earnings per Share
2,714.00
566.00
Item
2025
2024
Cash, Gold and Precious Stones
493.7
315.9
Balances with the State Bank of Vietnam
13,021.7
2,669.7
Placements at and Loans to Other Credit Institutions
34,145.6
44,348.1
Placements at Other Credit Institutions
34,145.6
43,898.4
Loans to Other Credit Institutions
—
449.6
Trading Securities
116.8
118.3
Trading Securities (Gross)
116.8
118.3
Loans, Advances and Finance Leases to Customers
112,691.3
97,032.3
Loans, Advances and Finance Leases to Customers (Gross)
113,891.4
98,738.2
Provision for Losses on Loans, Advances and Finance Leases to Customers
-1,200.1
-1,705.9
Debt Purchased
5,516.6
6,193.1
Debt Purchased (Gross)
5,558.2
6,239.9
Provision for Debt Purchased
-41.7
-46.8
Investment Securities
49,232.3
20,922.4
Available-for-sale Securities
48,482.0
17,767.2
Held-to-maturity Securities
1,316.2
4,173.4
Provision for Diminution in Value of Investment Securities
-565.9
-1,018.3
Capital Contribution and Other Long-term Investments
58.8
58.8
Other Long-term Investments
58.8
58.8
Fixed Assets
1,103.4
1,067.1
Tangible Fixed Assets
561.6
585.5
Tangible Fixed Assets Cost
1,353.6
1,335.5
Accumulated Depreciation of Tangible Fixed Assets
-791.9
-750.0
Intangible Fixed Assets
541.8
481.6
Intangible Fixed Assets Cost
983.1
869.0
Accumulated Depreciation of Intangible Fixed Assets
-441.3
-387.4
Investment Properties
63.8
65.0
Investment Properties Cost
74.0
74.0
Other Assets
4,050.9
3,922.4
Accounts Receivables
2,189.2
1,817.8
Interest and Fee Receivables
1,557.7
999.1
Deferred Income Tax Assets
45.0
11.1
Other Assets (Miscellaneous)
729.4
1,348.0
Provision for Risks in Other Assets
-470.3
-253.6
Total Assets
220,494.7
176,713.1
Due to Government and Borrowings from the State Bank of Vietnam
6,741.3
3,732.8
Placements and Borrowings from Other Credit Institutions
31,118.1
45,930.8
Placements from Other Credit Institutions
29,159.1
42,765.9
Borrowings from Other Credit Institutions
1,959.0
3,165.0
Deposits from Customers
133,411.4
90,719.1
Derivatives and Other Financial Liabilities
11.1
381.7
Funds Received from Government and Institutions, Trust Investments and Syndicated Loans
3.3
9.4
Valuable Papers Issued
27,800.2
19,230.0
Other Liabilities
4,608.7
2,685.1
Interest and Fee Payables
2,621.1
1,736.0
Other Liabilities (Miscellaneous)
1,987.5
949.1
Total Liabilities
203,694.0
162,688.9
Capital and Reserves
16,800.7
14,024.2
Capital
10,385.6
10,385.6
Charter Capital
10,350.4
10,350.4
Share Premium
34.3
34.3
Reserves
1,820.2
1,284.3
Undistributed Earnings after Tax/Accumulated Loss
4,594.9
2,354.3
Total Liabilities and Equity
220,494.7
176,713.1
Item
2025
2024
Receipts from Interest and Similar Income
12,919.2
9,453.8
Payments for Interest and Similar Expenses
-7,652.4
-7,279.6
Receipts from Fee and Commission Income
260.5
499.7
Net Cash Inflow from Trading Activities in Foreign Currencies, Gold and Securities
-100.0
371.0
Receipts from Other Income
3,095.4
318.7
Receipts from Collection of Written-off Debts
207.5
196.2
Payments for Staff Costs and Operating Expenses
-1,874.5
-2,276.7
Corporate Income Tax Paid
-539.6
-105.9
Cash Flow from Operating Activities before Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities
6,316.2
1,177.1
(Increase)/Decrease in Placements with and Loans to Other Credit Institutions
434.6
-433.2
(Increase)/Decrease in Trading Securities and Investment Securities
-27,856.0
-1,009.2
(Increase)/Decrease in Loans and Advances to Customers
-14,555.7
-7,712.2
(Decrease)/Increase in Provisions for Damages
-588.6
-71.0
(Increase)/Decrease in Other Operating Assets
-2,545.8
-284.4
Increase/(Decrease) in Due to Government and Borrowings from State Bank
3,008.5
3,732.8
Increase/(Decrease) in Placements and Borrowings from Other Credit Institutions
-14,812.7
16,889.4
Increase/(Decrease) in Deposits from Customers
42,692.3
-9,315.2
Increase/(Decrease) in Valuable Papers Issued
8,570.2
3,630.0
Increase/(Decrease) in Funds Received from Government and Institutions
-6.1
-14.2
Increase/(Decrease) in Derivatives and Other Financial Liabilities
-370.6
116.4
Increase/(Decrease) in Other Operating Liabilities
630.4
331.1
Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities
916.8
7,037.5
Purchase of Fixed Assets
-171.8
-243.1
Receipts from Disposal of Fixed Assets
1.5
10.3
Dividends and Profit Received
15.3
11.3
Net Cash Flows from Investing Activities
-154.9
-221.6
Net Cash Flows during the Period
761.9
6,815.9
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of the Period
46,884.1
40,071.2
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of the Period
47,646.0
46,887.1
Item
Q1'26
Q4'25
Q3'25
Q2'25
Q1'25
Q4'24
Q3'24
Q2'24
Q1'24
Interest Income and Similar Income
3,963.1
4,131.9
3,856.4
2,964.1
2,651.6
2,421.3
2,223.4
2,166.8
2,216.3
Interest Expense and Similar Expenses
2,985.0
2,423.0
2,241.6
2,031.2
1,819.6
1,578.3
1,485.7
1,372.8
1,555.6
Net Interest Income
978.1
1,708.9
1,614.8
933.0
832.1
843.0
737.6
794.0
660.7
Fee and Commission Income
612.5
327.6
-330.1
481.3
219.4
292.4
138.0
183.6
265.4
Fee and Commission Expenses
199.4
228.7
100.9
50.5
57.5
62.2
55.8
99.0
161.3
Net Fee and Commission Income
413.1
98.9
-431.1
430.8
161.9
230.2
82.1
84.6
104.2
Net Gain/(Loss) from Foreign Currencies and Gold Trading
112.1
-121.0
-131.8
106.1
145.1
-265.1
-46.4
440.4
116.9
Net Gain/(Loss) from Trading Securities
—
0.9
0.3
0.0
0.7
1.2
-3.7
1.8
4.1
Net Gain/(Loss) from Investment Securities
-39.6
61.6
-160.1
-0.5
-5.2
230.2
-60.0
-15.2
-45.6
Other Income
1,362.5
1,562.8
1,256.3
900.9
236.6
532.9
26.8
86.9
42.6
Other Expenses
7.9
15.8
564.4
6.3
64.6
49.5
0.6
19.6
5.8
Net Other Income
1,354.6
1,547.0
691.9
894.5
172.1
483.4
26.2
67.2
36.7
Income from Capital Contribution and Long-term Investments
259.3
3.6
6.8
4.9
—
3.5
6.9
—
0.9
Operating Expenses
722.1
1,280.4
577.5
587.4
550.7
749.1
560.4
520.3
508.6
Operating Profit before Provision for Credit Losses
2,355.6
2,019.6
1,013.3
1,781.6
755.9
777.2
182.3
852.6
369.3
Provision for Credit Losses
855.2
792.6
367.1
524.8
340.1
221.3
525.8
462.7
177.0
Profit Before Tax
1,500.3
1,227.0
646.3
1,256.7
415.7
556.0
-343.5
389.9
192.3
Current Corporate Income Tax Expense
300.8
245.5
135.5
254.3
83.2
125.7
-58.8
78.4
38.5
Corporate Income Tax
300.8
245.5
135.5
254.3
83.2
125.7
-58.8
78.4
38.5
Net Profit After Tax
1,199.6
981.5
510.8
1,002.5
332.5
430.3
-284.7
311.5
153.8
Net Profit Attributable to the Equity Holders of the Bank
1,199.6
981.5
510.8
1,002.5
332.5
430.3
-284.7
311.5
153.8
Item
Q1'26
Q4'25
Q3'25
Q2'25
Q1'25
Q4'24
Q3'24
Q2'24
Q1'24
Cash, Gold and Precious Stones
714.5
493.7
361.8
487.6
353.6
315.9
356.2
480.5
478.9
Balances with the State Bank of Vietnam
16,756.5
13,021.7
8,049.2
11,618.4
3,966.9
2,669.7
1,631.4
2,163.2
946.8
Placements at and Loans to Other Credit Institutions
46,992.5
34,145.6
39,877.5
40,421.1
48,630.7
44,348.1
38,163.6
37,532.0
42,740.4
Placements at Other Credit Institutions
45,492.5
34,145.6
39,877.5
40,421.1
48,630.7
43,898.4
38,163.6
37,532.0
42,740.4
Loans to Other Credit Institutions
1,500.0
—
—
—
—
449.6
—
—
—
Trading Securities
—
116.8
135.9
118.7
127.7
118.3
670.0
188.9
449.4
Trading Securities (Gross)
—
116.8
135.9
118.7
127.7
118.3
670.0
188.9
449.4
Loans, Advances and Finance Leases to Customers
116,149.2
112,691.3
105,873.3
112,744.4
96,332.8
97,057.3
97,077.6
89,612.9
77,884.1
Loans, Advances and Finance Leases to Customers (Gross)
117,329.4
113,891.4
107,572.7
114,534.5
98,044.7
98,738.2
98,767.6
91,037.8
79,133.0
Provision for Losses on Loans, Advances and Finance Leases to Customers
-1,180.1
-1,200.1
-1,699.3
-1,790.1
-1,711.9
-1,680.9
-1,690.0
-1,424.9
-1,248.9
Debt Purchased
3,277.4
5,516.6
1,975.3
1,975.3
2,289.8
6,193.1
1,989.0
1,895.7
—
Debt Purchased (Gross)
3,302.2
5,558.2
1,990.2
1,990.2
2,307.1
6,239.9
2,004.0
1,910.0
—
Provision for Debt Purchased
-24.8
-41.7
-14.9
-14.9
-17.3
-46.8
-15.0
-14.3
—
Investment Securities
60,245.4
49,232.3
42,842.7
32,436.9
26,755.5
20,922.4
17,558.0
14,983.3
17,180.2
Available-for-sale Securities
60,320.0
48,482.0
41,214.5
30,251.3
23,860.4
17,767.2
13,918.8
11,342.4
12,905.2
Held-to-maturity Securities
—
1,316.2
2,635.6
3,280.5
4,045.5
4,173.4
4,465.5
4,205.2
4,696.5
Provision for Diminution in Value of Investment Securities
-74.6
-565.9
-1,007.4
-1,094.8
-1,150.4
-1,018.3
-826.3
-564.4
-421.5
Capital Contribution and Other Long-term Investments
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
Other Long-term Investments
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.8
Fixed Assets
1,077.4
1,103.4
1,000.5
1,023.7
1,046.5
1,067.1
1,083.2
1,099.7
1,115.3
Tangible Fixed Assets
545.6
561.6
545.3
560.6
575.1
585.5
578.9
585.4
592.8
Tangible Fixed Assets Cost
1,346.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Accumulated Depreciation of Tangible Fixed Assets
-801.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Intangible Fixed Assets
531.8
541.8
455.2
463.1
471.4
481.6
504.4
514.3
522.4
Intangible Fixed Assets Cost
986.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Accumulated Depreciation of Intangible Fixed Assets
-454.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Investment Properties
—
63.7
64.1
64.4
64.7
65.0
65.3
65.6
65.9
Other Assets
4,826.5
4,019.0
4,337.0
3,968.1
4,126.3
3,926.0
5,540.4
4,065.0
3,857.4
Accounts Receivables
2,183.2
2,191.1
2,204.5
1,554.8
1,460.7
1,832.4
2,493.1
1,222.5
1,035.5
Interest and Fee Receivables
2,526.1
1,557.7
1,677.8
1,375.0
1,600.5
999.1
2,029.1
1,794.8
1,805.6
Deferred Income Tax Assets
45.0
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
—
—
—
—
Other Assets (Miscellaneous)
418.5
729.4
697.2
1,280.7
1,307.7
1,348.0
1,267.4
1,296.9
1,254.4
Provision for Risks in Other Assets
-346.2
-470.3
-253.5
-253.6
-253.5
-253.6
-249.2
-249.2
-238.1
Total Assets
250,098.3
220,462.8
204,576.1
204,917.3
183,753.3
176,741.6
164,193.5
152,145.5
144,777.1
Due to Government and Borrowings from the State Bank of Vietnam
5,933.3
6,741.3
—
0.0
2,464.0
3,732.8
1,650.4
—
—
Placements and Borrowings from Other Credit Institutions
43,361.4
31,118.1
40,823.9
35,267.9
51,478.8
45,930.8
39,877.8
34,345.5
28,221.4
Placements from Other Credit Institutions
41,786.6
29,159.1
40,752.3
34,340.0
47,360.6
42,765.9
38,496.2
32,993.5
27,082.7
Borrowings from Other Credit Institutions
1,574.8
1,959.0
71.6
927.8
4,118.2
3,165.0
1,381.6
1,352.0
1,138.7
Deposits from Customers
146,668.4
133,411.4
118,712.2
123,056.5
89,748.6
90,719.1
91,089.6
85,515.8
83,524.5
Derivatives and Other Financial Liabilities
75.9
11.1
449.2
516.2
278.2
381.7
3.3
771.4
587.2
Funds Received from Government and Institutions, Trust Investments and Syndicated Loans
2.6
3.3
4.2
5.8
7.4
9.4
12.7
16.6
21.3
Valuable Papers Issued
27,113.8
27,800.2
24,679.0
26,500.0
22,310.0
19,230.0
16,000.0
15,200.0
15,600.0
Other Liabilities
9,040.1
4,558.1
4,069.7
4,243.9
3,109.6
2,688.4
2,353.6
2,838.6
3,189.8
Interest and Fee Payables
3,830.6
2,621.1
2,637.1
2,540.0
2,248.7
1,736.0
1,842.8
2,003.2
2,718.4
Other Liabilities (Miscellaneous)
5,209.5
1,937.0
1,432.7
1,703.9
860.9
952.4
510.8
835.4
471.4
Total Liabilities
232,195.5
203,643.5
188,738.2
189,590.3
169,396.5
162,692.2
150,987.5
138,687.8
131,144.2
Capital and Reserves
17,902.8
16,819.3
15,837.9
15,327.1
14,356.8
14,049.4
13,206.0
13,457.7
13,633.0
Capital
10,384.6
10,385.6
10,385.6
10,385.6
10,385.6
10,385.6
10,385.6
10,385.6
10,385.6
Charter Capital
10,350.4
10,350.4
10,350.4
10,350.4
10,350.4
10,350.4
10,350.4
10,350.4
10,350.4
Share Premium
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
Reserves
1,741.3
1,288.6
1,288.6
1,288.6
1,284.3
1,158.9
1,158.9
1,150.4
1,150.4
Foreign Exchange Differences
—
—
—
—
—
—
-413.2
-446.7
—
Undistributed Earnings after Tax/Accumulated Loss
5,776.8
5,145.1
4,163.6
3,652.8
2,686.8
2,504.9
2,074.7
2,368.4
2,096.9
Total Liabilities and Equity
250,098.3
220,462.8
204,576.1
204,917.3
183,753.3
176,741.6
164,193.5
152,145.5
144,777.1
Item
Q1'26
Q4'25
Q3'25
Q2'25
Q1'25
Q4'24
Q2'24
Q1'24
Receipts from Interest and Similar Income
3,003.2
4,121.1
2,885.1
3,790.3
2,122.7
5,478.9
2,109.0
1,865.9
Payments for Interest and Similar Expenses
-1,794.7
-2,440.8
-2,146.5
-1,732.8
-1,332.3
-3,315.3
-1,991.3
-1,973.0
Receipts from Fee and Commission Income
413.1
98.9
140.0
-140.2
161.9
310.9
84.6
104.2
Net Cash Inflow from Trading Activities in Foreign Currencies, Gold and Securities
100.0
-88.9
50.8
-162.1
100.2
-128.5
467.2
32.4
Receipts from Other Income
1,245.1
1,488.2
673.8
889.5
44.0
331.1
-18.4
6.0
Receipts from Collection of Written-off Debts
107.1
57.4
17.9
4.1
128.0
84.3
75.3
36.6
Payments for Staff Costs and Operating Expenses
-894.0
-833.0
2.7
-505.7
-538.4
-1,251.6
-594.9
-430.3
Corporate Income Tax Paid
-278.4
-130.7
-258.8
-218.6
68.4
-77.9
-22.6
-5.5
Cash Flow from Operating Activities before Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities
1,901.3
2,272.1
1,365.1
1,924.5
754.4
1,431.9
109.0
-363.8
(Increase)/Decrease in Placements with and Loans to Other Credit Institutions
-1,500.0
-10.0
2.5
-5.0
447.1
-438.8
-0.8
6.4
(Increase)/Decrease in Trading Securities and Investment Securities
-10,521.9
-5,928.4
-10,336.0
-5,604.2
-5,987.3
-4,798.0
2,351.1
1,437.7
(Increase)/Decrease in Loans and Advances to Customers
-1,181.9
-9,970.8
6,961.8
-16,172.8
4,626.2
-13,742.6
-13,908.9
19,939.2
(Decrease)/Increase in Provisions for Damages
-435.4
-450.8
0.0
0.0
-137.7
175.4
-229.6
-16.7
(Increase)/Decrease in Other Operating Assets
-817.4
-1,102.1
-1,171.9
-585.0
313.2
-360.6
-202.8
279.1
Increase/(Decrease) in Due to Government and Borrowings from State Bank
-808.0
6,741.3
-0.0
-2,464.0
-1,268.8
3,732.8
—
—
Increase/(Decrease) in Placements and Borrowings from Other Credit Institutions
12,243.3
-9,705.8
5,556.0
-16,211.0
5,548.0
11,585.4
6,124.0
-820.1
Increase/(Decrease) in Deposits from Customers
13,247.4
14,699.2
-4,344.4
33,308.0
-970.6
5,203.3
1,991.3
-16,509.8
Increase/(Decrease) in Valuable Papers Issued
-686.4
3,121.2
-1,821.0
4,190.0
3,080.0
4,030.0
-400.0
—
Increase/(Decrease) in Funds Received from Government and Institutions
-0.7
-0.9
-1.6
-1.6
-2.0
-4.2
-4.7
-5.3
Increase/(Decrease) in Derivatives and Other Financial Liabilities
64.7
-438.0
-67.0
238.0
-103.5
-389.7
184.2
321.9
Increase/(Decrease) in Other Operating Liabilities
3,340.8
193.4
-124.3
752.0
-190.7
-1.3
463.8
-131.4
Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities
14,845.9
-579.7
-3,980.7
-631.0
6,108.3
6,423.5
-3,523.3
4,137.3
Purchase of Fixed Assets
-28.5
-61.7
-32.4
-33.9
-43.8
-164.2
-25.5
-53.4
Receipts from Disposal of Fixed Assets
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.1
5.8
4.5
—
Dividends and Profit Received
4.3
3.6
6.8
4.9
—
10.4
0.0
0.9
Net Cash Flows from Investing Activities
494.1
-57.8
-25.3
-28.1
-43.7
-148.0
-21.1
-52.4
Net Cash Flows during the Period
15,340.1
-637.5
-4,006.0
-659.1
6,064.5
6,275.5
-3,544.5
4,084.9
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of the Period
47,623.4
48,283.5
52,519.6
52,948.6
46,884.1
40,071.2
44,156.1
40,071.2
Exchange Difference due to Re-valuation of Ending Balances