HVA

Đầu tư HVA ·UPCOM ·2025Q4

▼▼ Declining sharply

Margins remain under pressure Net margin 5.31%, −39.10pp YoY
Price
4,300
Latest close
05 Jun 2026
P/E 12.54x
P/B 0.39x
EPS 343
BVPS 11,154
ROE 3.1%
ROA 2.9%
Profit Margin 5.3%
Asset Turnover 0.54x
Equity Mult. 1.09x

TTM · Applied to: EPS, ROE, ROA, Net Margin, Asset Turnover, Debt/Equity

What Is Changing

On a TTM 2025Q4 basis, HVA is holding revenue at an acceptable level, but margins are eroding visibly — profit momentum has been slowing across consecutive periods. More notably, most of the profit comes from non-core sources — this needs careful evaluation before concluding on growth quality.

TTM REVENUE
VND 88bn
+427.1%YoY
NET MARGIN
5.31%
−39.1ppYoY
TTM NET PROFIT
VND 5bn
−37.0%YoY
Net financial result / PBT
131.1%
affects earnings quality
Metric Q4'25 Q3'25 Q2'25 Q1'25 Q4'24 Q3'24 Q2'24 Q1'24 Q4'23 Q3'23 Q2'23 Q1'23
Revenue 27.4 20.0 20.2 20.6 15.1 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 130.1 133.0 165.6
Growth +37% -1% -2% +37% +1150% +314% +63% -100% -2% -20%
Net Income 1.2 0.1 1.0 2.3 6.1 1.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 0.7 0.8
Net Margin 4.56% 0.40% 4.96% 11.42% 40.22% 98.61% 143.81% -129.65% -0.18% 0.53% 0.49%

Drivers of HVA's profit

TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs last year, mainly due to higher administrative expenses. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Financial income ↑ 3.1bn
Gross profit ↑ 0.8bn
Tax ↓ 0.7bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 6.0bn
TTM

Net profit attributable to parent declined vs prior quarter, mainly due to lower gross profit. Supporting and offsetting drivers:

Tax ↓ 1.2bn
Financial income ↑ 0.6bn
Gross profit ↓ 3.9bn
Administrative expenses ↑ 1.8bn

Financial Highlights

Detailed analysis of each financial dimension

ROE = Profit Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier

2024Q4 5.2% = 44.4% × 0.11 × 1.01
2025Q4 3.1% = 5.3% × 0.54 × 1.09

ROE fell from 5.2% to 3.1% — net margin weakened the most, though asset turnover and leverage still provided support.

Net margin: 5.3% -39.1pp Asset turnover: 0.54x +0.43x Leverage: 1.09x +0.07x

Is the profit sustainable?

Margins are under pressure while earnings still rely significantly on non-core sources.

very positive positive stable watch under pressure

What is driving the margin?

Net margin fell to 5.31%, losing 39.1pp. The main pressure is Gross margin fell 35.2pp, outweighing the improvement in SG&A / Revenue fell 6.7pp (with lingering pressure from Net financial result / Revenue fell 20.7pp).

Margin is under pressure from multiple sides — temporary and structural components need to be separated to properly assess the risk.

Profitability trend

Net Margin 5.31% −39.1pp
Gross Margin 9.30% −35.2pp
SG&A / Revenue 9.97% −6.7pp
Non-core / Revenue 7.34% −20.7pp

TTM YoY · 2024Q4 -> 2025Q4

Watchpoints

Financial result share remains high

Even though contribution decreased by 20.7pp, financial result still accounts for 131.1% of PBT — earnings durability should be monitored in coming periods.

Is capital being used efficiently?

Capital efficiency is declining — check whether the drag is from margins or turnover.

Is capital being deployed efficiently?

ROIC fell to 3.18%, losing 2.1pp. That translates to 3.18 in after-tax operating profit for every 100 units of operating capital. Although capital turnover rose 0.48x, NOPAT margin narrowed 39.4pp still pulled ROIC lower, with invested capital holding roughly steady.

Pressure came from the margin side — core operations are weakening, not just a temporary asset-management issue.

Watchpoints

ROIC remains low

ROIC is currently 3.18% — below the typical cost-of-capital threshold; worth tracking whether upcoming periods can rise above this level.

CAPITAL EFFICIENCY TREND

TTM YoY · 2024Q4 -> 2025Q4

ROIC 3.18% −2.1pp
NOPAT Margin 5.33% −39.4pp
Capital Turnover 0.60x +0.48x
Average Invested Capital 147.8bn +6.0bn

Balance Sheet

ROIC declined — the balance sheet shows how capital is being deployed. Balance sheet is exceptionally sound — liabilities at 0.15x equity, with a net cash position equivalent to 0.01x equity.

Over the last 12 months, working capital released 0.0bn of cash.

Working Capital Drivers

TTM YoY · 2024Q4 -> 2025Q4

Receivables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Inventories were broadly stable → neutral CFO:
Payables were broadly stable → neutral CFO:

Working Capital Efficiency

Working capital is being managed more efficiently, supporting overall capital efficiency. Cash conversion cycle improved by 529.2 days versus the same period last year. The main moves came from DIO rose 0.7 days, DSO fell 539.6 days, and DPO fell 9.7 days.

Improvement comes mainly from faster receivables collection — reflects the quality of receivables management.

Watchpoints

Inventory turnover is slowing

DIO increased by +0.7 days, suggesting more capital is being tied up in inventories.

Working Capital Efficiency

TTM YoY · 2024Q4 -> 2025Q4

Receivables 23.2 days −539.6 days
Inventory 0.7 days +0.7 days
Payables 19.3 days −9.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 4.6 days −529.2 days

Is financial risk significant?

Financial risk is low — the company has net cash and CFO reached 1.4bn.

Leverage & Liquidity

Track net leverage, interest coverage, and the liquidity buffer on the balance sheet.

At present, short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, cash equals 185.4% of debt, and total debt stands at 1.9bn.

Watchpoints

Short-term refinancing pressure is meaningful

Short-term debt accounts for 100.0% of total debt, raising near-term refinancing needs.

Leverage and liquidity trend

Net Debt / Equity -0.01x +0.01x
Interest Coverage
Cash / Debt 185.4%
Short-term Debt / Total Debt 100.0%
CFO / NI 0.30x +1.93x

TTM YoY · 2024Q4 -> 2025Q4

Cash Flow

With safe leverage noted above, cash flow below shows the self-funding capacity. Operating cash flow reached 1.4bn in 2025, against investing cash flow of -2.3bn.

Post-investment cash flow was negative +0.9bn. Financing cash flow was positive +1.8bn.

CFO / net income was 0.30x.

Track how much investment can be funded internally from operating cash flow.

Cash capex or FCF data is incomplete, so the cash-conversion view is only partial.

Cash Conversion

TTM Cash Conversion · 2024Q4 -> 2025Q4

CFO TTM 1.4bn +13.5bn
Cash Capex
FCF TTM

Investment Takeaway

The business is under real pressure, but the current picture has not turned broadly adverse. A notable area has clearly weakened, making the near-term outlook hard to call bright; even so, other parts of the business are still holding up, with margins remain under pressure remaining the main constraint, with net margin down 39.1 pp. The next watchpoint is the earnings mix, when non-core contribution is 131.1%. The main offsetting support comes from balance-sheet flexibility, with net cash/equity at about -0.01x.

Improvement: the balance sheet remains flexible, with a net cash position equivalent to 0.01x of equity.

Watchpoint: the earnings mix still needs monitoring, with net financial result still accounting for 131.1% of PBT and CFO / net income currently at 0.30x.

Key risk: profitability remains under pressure, with trailing-12M net margin at 5.31% after a 39.1pp decline versus the same period last year.

Statement Data

Item 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Net Revenue
88.2 16.7 37.5 822.3 109.5
Cost of Goods Sold
80.0 9.3 36.9 813.5 0.0
Gross Profit
8.2 7.4 0.5 8.8 0.3
Financial Expenses
1.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 -0.0
Selling Expenses
0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0
General and Administrative Expenses
8.8 2.8 1.3 2.7 -0.2
Operating Profit
5.9 9.3 -0.2 6.0 0.1
Profit Before Tax
5.9 9.2 0.7 5.8 0.1
Net Income
4.7 7.4 0.6 5.6 0.1
Profit Attributable to Parent
4.7 7.4 0.6 6.2 0.1
Earnings per Share
342.58 540.00 41.00 452.00 2.00

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